Plaintiff-husband did not preserve his right to appeal the trial court's decision that the
separation and property settlement agreement did not bar defendant-wife from seeking equitable
distribution of property acquired by the parties after their reconciliation because he did not make
a timely objection to the trial court's ruling pursuant to N.C. R. App. P. 10(b)(1), and he did not
appeal from the entry of the trial court's order within thirty days of its entry pursuant to N.C. R.
App. P. 3(c). Appeal by plaintiff from judgment entered 17 April 1998 by
Judge V. Bradford Long in Randolph County District Court. Heard
in the Court of Appeals 17 August 1999.
C. Orville Light for the plaintiff-appellant.
O'Briant, Bunch, Robins & Stubblefield, by Julie H.
Stubblefield, for the defendant-appellee.
HORTON, Judge.
Reginald B. Inman (plaintiff) and Sylvia M. Inman
(defendant) were married on 18 October 1987 and separated on 14
April 1991. On 19 April 1991, the parties entered into a
settlement of all matters arising from their marriage. In the
portion of their Separation Agreement and Property Settlement
(Agreement) labeled Separation Agreement the parties agreed to
live separate and apart from each other, and in the portion
labeled Property Agreement they agreed on a division of their
real and personal property. In a portion of the Agreement
labeled Final Provisions the parties agreed that they were
making a settlement under the North Carolina Equitable
Distribution Act and were executing the Agreement pursuant to the
provisions of N.C. Gen. Stat. § 50-20(d) (1995). The Agreement
contained the following provision relating to the effect of a
reconciliation on the property settlement portion of theAgreement:
11. EFFECT OF RECONCILIATION ON PROPERTY
SETTLEMENT. In the event of reconciliation
and resumption of the marital relationship
between the parties, the provisions of this
Agreement for settlement of property rights
shall nevertheless continue in full force and
effect without abatement of any term or
provision hereof, except as otherwise
provided by written agreement duly executed
by each of the parties after the date of
reconciliation.
The parties reconciled in April 1992 and lived together as
husband and wife until May 1995, at which time they again
separated. The plaintiff filed for absolute divorce in September
1996. The defendant filed a verified answer, in which she
asserted counterclaims for equitable distribution, postseparation
support, permanent alimony, and attorney fees. The plaintiff
then filed a reply to the defendant's counterclaims, pleading the
Agreement in bar, and praying that the defendant's counterclaims
be dismissed with prejudice.
On 11 February 1997, a judgment of absolute divorce was
entered without prejudice to the other pending claims. On 10
June 1997, the trial court considered plaintiff's motion to
dismiss and concluded that the portion of the Agreement
purporting to waive the Defendant's rights to future alimony
and/or support is void as against public policy. The trial
court further concluded that the defendant's counterclaim forequitable distribution was barred by the Agreement as to property
acquired before the reconciliation of the parties; however, as to
property acquired after the parties reconciled the trial court
ruled that equitable distribution was not barred. The order was
signed by the trial court on 10 June 1997 and filed on 11 June
1997 in the Office of the Clerk of Court for Randolph County.
The record reflects no objection to the order by either party,
nor was notice of appeal entered by either party. After
numerous continuances, a pretrial order was executed by all
parties and counsel on 3 February 1998. The order provided in
pertinent part as follows:
2. Plaintiff and Defendant were married
October 18, 1987 then separated April, 1991
and entered into a Separation Agreement and
Property Settlement. Plaintiff contends that
he and the Defendant reconciled on or about
May 1, 1992, the Defendant contends that she
and the Plaintiff reconciled sometime in
April, 1992. Only property acquired after
the reconciliation and improvements made to
Plaintiff's property after the date and time
of reconciliation are included.
3. The Plaintiff and Defendant again
separated May 19, 1995.
4. The date of valuation is May 19, 1995.
5. An equal division is an equitable
division.
The pretrial order then set out several issues with regard
to classification, valuation, and distribution of those items ofproperty acquired after the parties' reconciliation. Following
a bench trial on 18 March 1998, the trial court concluded that
the parties had acquired marital property valued at a total of
$13,909.65 after their reconciliation. The trial court further
found that all marital property was in the possession of the
plaintiff, and distributed all items of marital property to
plaintiff. Plaintiff was ordered to pay a distributive award of
$6,954.82 (one-half of the value of the marital estate) to the
defendant within ten days.
On 15 April 1998, plaintiff caused a notice of appeal to be
filed with the Clerk and served a copy of the same on counsel for
the defendant. No written judgment had been entered at that
time.
The Notice of Appeal read as follows:
NOW COMES the Plaintiff by and through
counsel, and excepts and gives Notice of
Appeal to the North Carolina Court of Appeals
from the Judgment of the Court on March 18,
1998, entered in this cause on _____________,
and filed on ___________, the Honorable V.
Bradford Long presiding.
The Plaintiff, by and through his
counsel of record, specifically objects and
takes exception to those parts of the
judgment entered in this cause as aforesaid
to wit, the Plaintiff's Motion to Dismiss.
The Plaintiff reserves further
exceptions to be served with the Case on
Appeal in this cause.
A written equitable distribution judgment was entered on 17
April 1998.
On appeal, plaintiff argues one question: Does the
separation agreement and property settlement as written bar the
defendant from claiming equitable distribution in property
acquired after a reconciliation? We hold that plaintiff did not
preserve his right to appeal from the order entered on 11 June
1997 in which the trial court ruled that the separation and
property settlement agreement did not bar defendant from seeking
equitable distribution of property acquired by the parties after
their reconciliation.
Rule 3 of the North Carolina Rules of Appellate Procedure
specifically directs that an [a]ppeal from a judgment or order
in a civil action . . . must be taken within 30 days after its
entry. N.C.R. App. P. 3(c). The notice of appeal must be filed
with the clerk of superior court, served on opposing parties, and
shall specify the party or parties taking the appeal; shall
designate the judgment or order from which appeal is taken . . .
. N.C.R. App. P. 3(d). In this case, the plaintiff did not
appeal from the entry of the trial court's order filed 11 June
1997, which partially denied his plea in bar, within thirty days
of its entry.
Our Supreme Court has recently ruled that, if aninterlocutory order is entered during the pendency of litigation,
a party can later seek appellate review of that interlocutory
order under the provisions of N.C. Gen. Stat. § 1-278, which
provides that [u]pon an appeal from a judgment, the court may
review any intermediate order involving the merits and
necessarily affecting the judgment. Floyd and Sons, Inc. v.
Cape Fear Farm Credit, 350 N.C. 47, 51, 510 S.E.2d 156, 159
(1999). In Floyd, however, the Supreme Court makes it clear that
the right to appeal from such intermediate orders is not
unlimited: first, N.C. Gen. Stat. § 1-278 applies only to orders
which are interlocutory and thus not immediately appealable;
second, the appellant must have preserved his right to appeal by
a timely objection to the order from which he seeks to appeal.
Id. In Floyd, the ruling to which appellant objected was made
during the actual trial of the case and only days before final
judgment in that case. The Supreme Court recited in its opinion
the actions of the appellant in Floyd which preserved the right
of appeal:
In the instant case, the order
compelling election of remedies was entered
on 1 May 1995, two days before the end of the
trial. The record on appeal reflects that
plaintiffs' timely objection to the order was
overruled. . . .
As noted, plaintiffs duly objected to
the election of remedies order at trial andgave timely notice of appeal from the 19 May
1995 final judgment entered by the trial
court. Accordingly, pursuant to N.C.G.S. § 1-
278, we find that the interlocutory order
compelling election of remedies entered on 1
May 1995 was reviewable on appeal along with
the final judgment of 19 May 1995.
Furthermore, we note that it is quite clear
from the record that plaintiffs sought appeal
of the election order. The objection at trial
to the election order properly preserved the
question for appellate review. See N.C.R.
App. P. 10(b)(1).
Id. at 51-52, 510 S.E.2d at 159 (emphasis added).
Rule 10(b)(1) of the Rules of Appellate Procedure provides
in part that
[i]n order to preserve a question for
appellate review, a party must have presented
to the trial court a timely request,
objection or motion, stating the specific
grounds for the ruling the party desired the
court to make if the specific grounds were
not apparent from the context. . . . Any
such question which was properly preserved
for review by action of counsel taken during
the course of proceedings in the trial
tribunal by objection noted or which by rule
or law was deemed preserved or taken without
any such action, may be made the basis of an
assignment of error in the record on appeal.
N.C.R. App. P. 10(b)(1) (emphasis added). In this case,
plaintiff made no such objection to the ruling of the trial court
which partially denied his plea in bar, nor did he preserve his
right to appeal in any other manner. Thus, assuming arguendo that
the order of 11 June 1997 was an interlocutory order, that orderis not reviewable on this appeal.
As to the equitable distribution judgment entered herein on
17 April 1998 from which plaintiff did enter notice of appeal, he
brings forward no assignments of error with regard to the
judgment, subjecting his appeal to dismissal. In the interests of
justice, however, we have carefully reviewed the entire record
and find no reason to disturb the judgment of the trial court.
Appeal dismissed.
Judges GREENE and TIMMONS-GOODSON concur.
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