The trial court erred in a first-degree rape and non-felonious breaking or entering case by
allowing evidence under Rule 404(b) of an alleged prior sexual assault because the facts of the
two incidents are not sufficiently similar and the evidence only shows the propensity of
defendant to commit sexual acts against young female children.
Appeal by defendant from judgments entered 18 December 1997
by Judge J. B. Allen, Jr., in Wake County Superior Court. Heard
in the Court of Appeals 9 September 1999.
In May 1997, thirteen-year-old Taurean White (defendant)
lived with his parents at 4101 Willow Oak Road in Raleigh, North
Carolina. Nine-year-old Rema Sider lived with her sixteen-year-
old brother Mikey and their mother two houses down the street
from defendant. From 1993 to 1997, Mikey and defendant were
friends and often visited each other in their respective family
homes.
On 12 May 1997 Rema arrived home from school around 3:55
p.m. None of her family was home when she arrived. Rema went
upstairs to get a drink of water, and on her way back downstairs,
defendant "popped out" in front of her with a knife in his hand.
Rema thought defendant was playing around, and she told him toleave. Defendant refused and forced her to pull her pants down.
Defendant then "put his penis in [her] hole." Defendant had the
knife in his hand during the entire incident. At one point, she
tried to run away, but defendant stopped her. When defendant
left, he told Rema not to open the door for anybody or tell
anybody what happened. Defendant returned and heard Rema talking
to her mother over the telephone; he told Rema to tell her mother
that he came over "to borrow some CD's," and threatened to kill
her if she told anyone about what just happened.
Ms. Sider was preparing to leave to pick up Rema, when Rema
called her on the telephone. Rema was crying and told Ms. Sider
what had happened. Rema also told her that defendant had taken
some cigarettes from their house that day. Ms. Sider called 911
before going home. When she arrived at her home, a neighbor, who
was a deputy sheriff, was at the house comforting Rema, who was
upset and crying. At that time Rema again told Ms. Sider what
defendant had done.
At trial on direct examination, Ms. Sider made statements of
her personal belief in the truth of Rema's story. The court
sustained defense counsel's objection to the first statement
("[Rema has] never really lied about this like this[]"), but
defense counsel did not object to the other two statements: "I
mean, this is nothing. I know when the child lie[s]. I raise[d]two boys and I know"; "I mean, this is nothing simple she can
lie. And I know I believe her this is the truth."
Dr. Susan Lazurik, a graduate of UNC Medical School, who
works for UNC Hospitals in medicine and pediatrics, testified
that she examined Rema on 12 May 1997; that Rema denied any
vaginal penetration; that her examination revealed no medical
evidence of penetration; and that she found Rema to be a credible
person.
Defendant testified on his own behalf. He maintained he
never left his house on 12 May 1997. Defendant admitted he had
been suspended from school because a teacher said defendant
assaulted him, but he denied committing an assault. Defendant
denied the testimony of Rema, Ms. Sider, and other witnesses who
claim he sexually assaulted Rema in May of 1997. On cross-
examination, defendant also denied touching any part of his body
to the four-year-old foster child staying with Betty Sorto, his
father's aunt, in Wake Forest during September of 1997.
In rebuttal, the State presented the following evidence
pursuant to Rule 404(b) of the North Carolina Rules of Evidence:
Betty Sue Sorto lives in Wake Forest. Defendant's father is her
nephew. In September 1997, following the alleged incident with
Rema Sider, defendant and his father were living in Ms. Sorto's
camper, close to her house, on the weekends. On the night of 28September 1997, defendant came to her house to watch television.
About 10:00 p.m., Ms. Sorto put her foster child Dominique to bed
and closed her bedroom door. About 10:45 p.m., defendant asked
for permission to go to the bathroom; he was gone about 20-25
minutes. Ms. Sorto asked defendant if Dominique had been
sleeping and defendant replied that she had not. The next
morning Ms. Sorto asked Dominique what defendant was doing in her
room and Dominique said, "he was licking my pee pee." Dominique
testified that defendant came into her room and "licked [her]
private."
Defendant was convicted of first-degree rape and non-
felonious breaking or entering. An active sentence of not less
than 192 months nor more than 240 months on the charge of first-
degree rape was imposed on the fourteen-year-old defendant. The
trial court continued judgment on the charge of non-felonious
breaking or entering. Defendant appealed to this Court,
assigning error.
Attorney General Michael F. Easley, by Assistant Attorney
General Teresa L. Harris, for the State.
Cheshire, Parker, Schneider, Wells & Bryan, by Joseph B.
Cheshire, V, and Bradley J. Bannon, for defendant appellant.
HORTON, Judge.
Defendant argues that the allegation of sexual assaultagainst Dominique was not admissible under Rule 404(b) of the
North Carolina Rules of Evidence. The Rule provides, in
pertinent part:
Evidence of other crimes, wrongs, or acts is not
admissible to prove the character of a person in order
to show that he acted in conformity therewith. It may,
however, be admissible for other purposes, such as
proof of motive, opportunity, intent, preparation,
plan, knowledge, identity, or absence of mistake,
entrapment or accident.
N.C. Gen. Stat. § 8C-1, Rule 404(b) (1992 and Cum. Supp. 1998).
If the proffered evidence is admissible under Rule 404(b), the
trial court must then consider whether the probative value of the
evidence outweighs its prejudicial effects. Our Supreme Court
has held that "the ultimate test for determining whether such
evidence is admissible is whether the incidents are sufficiently
similar and not so remote in time as to be more probative than
prejudicial under the balancing test of N.C.G.S. § 8C-1, Rule
403." State v. Boyd, 321 N.C. 574, 577, 364 S.E.2d 118, 119
(1988). For proper admission of those acts which have not
resulted in a criminal conviction, the law requires the State to
produce "substantial evidence tending to support a reasonable
finding by the jury that the defendant committed a similar act or
crime and its probative value is not limited solely to tending to
establish the defendant's propensity to commit a crime such as
the crime charged." State v. Stager, 329 N.C. 278, 303-04, 406S.E.2d 876, 890 (1991).
Here, the proximity in time of the two incidents is not in
issue. Defendant contends, however, that the 12 May 1997
incident involving Rema and the 28 September 1997 incident
involving Dominique were not sufficiently similar to allow
admission of the 28 September 1997 incident under Rule 404(b).
With regard to the similarity of the two incidents, the trial
court found that
in comparing the evidence concerning the alleged rape
on May 12, 1997 and the alleged incident at Ms. Sorto's
house on September 28th, 1997 finds that they are
similar in nature; that it involves this defendant and
it involves a nine-year[-]old young female on May 12th,
1997, and a four-year[-]old young female on September
28th, 1997; that both of these alleged instances
occurred in the victim's home. The victim home of Rema
Sider and the victim home, the child Dominique's home,
foster home, with Ms. Sorto; that the incident on
September 28th occurred just little over four months
from the incident which occurred on May 12, 1997; that
in both cases, the victims were young, helpless female
children one age 9 and one age 4.
That the evidence tends to show, what it does show
is for jury to say and determine that both instances
involve immoral and unlawful sexual conduct by the
defendant with two minor females, young females.
The court does find as a fact that this evidence
is clearly admissible under 404B to show proof of
motive to commit a sexual offense, the opportunity to
take advantage of a minor child and to commit an
offense, the intent -- the intent of the defendant to
form this sexual conduct act with the nine-year[-]old
on May -- May and the four-year[-]old in September, to
perform -- and for these reasons the court finds that
this evidence should be admissible under 404B.
The court does further find that this is evidence
that's admissible on behalf of the state to challenge
the credibility of the defendant who voluntarily
testified and then denied any wrongful acts and denied
any of the wrongful acts that occurred on September 28,
1997 as well as May 12, 1997.
. . . And the court has weighed this evidence
under Rule 403 and finds that the probative value is
not substantially outweighed by the danger of unfair
prejudice.
We agree with defendant that the facts of the two incidents
are not sufficiently similar to allow the admission of the
incident involving Dominique. Except for the fact that both
incidents involve young females who were allegedly assaulted in
their own homes, there are few points of similarity. In the case
involving Rema Sider, defendant is accused of breaking into her
home during the daytime at a time when she was alone; and having
forcible vaginal intercourse with her by means of a weapon,
threats, and his superior physical strength. There was also
evidence that the sexual act included penetration; the victim,
Rema Sider, who was nine years old at the time, was upset and
crying hysterically in the aftermath of the incident. In the
later incident involving Dominique, the act allegedly occurred at
night, at a time the four-year-old child's caretaker was present
in the home; defendant was in the child's home by permission,
watching television; there was no evidence of the use of a deadly
weapon or threats to Dominique; the sexual act alleged wascunnilingus; the child did not mention the act after it occurred,
and was apparently laughing and happy when her caretaker saw her
after the alleged incident. Our Supreme Court has defined
"similar" to mean "'"some unusual facts present in both crimes or
particularly similar acts which would indicate the same person
committed both."'" Stager, 329 N.C. at 304, 406 S.E.2d at 890-
91. Here, we cannot say that there are unusual features of the
two incidents which point to defendant's identity as the
perpetrator and allow the admission of the second incident in
evidence pursuant to Rule 404(b). "When the features of
the . . . act [offered under Rule 404(b)] are dissimilar from
those of the offense with which the defendant is currently
charged, such evidence lacks probative value." State v. Artis,
325 N.C. 278, 299, 384 S.E.2d 470, 481 (1989), judgment vacated
on other grounds, 494 U.S. 1023, 108 L. Ed. 2d 604 (1990). In
the case before us, the admission of the evidence relating to
Dominique tends only to show the propensity of the defendant to
commit sexual acts against young female children, a purpose for
which the evidence cannot be admitted. The prejudicial effect of
the evidence is obvious; our Supreme Court has explained that
[p]roof that a defendant has been guilty of another
crime equally heinous prompts to a ready acceptance of
and belief in the prosecution's theory that he is
guilty of the crime charged. Its effect is to
predispose the mind of the juror to believe theprisoner is guilty, and thus effectually to strip him
of the presumption of innocence.
State v. Jones, 322 N.C. 585, 589, 369 S.E.2d 822, 824 (1988).
The evidence relating to Dominique was improperly admitted under
Rule 404(b), and its admission requires that defendant be granted
a new trial. Since the other errors alleged by defendant are not
likely to recur, we need not address them.
New trial.
Judges GREENE and TIMMONS-GOODSON concur.
*** Converted from WordPerfect ***