Appeal by employee-plaintiff from the North Carolina
Industrial Commission's (Commission) opinion and award entered 2
October 2000. Heard in the Court of Appeals 28 November 2001.
Brent Adams & Associates, by Brenton D. Adams, for plaintiff-
appellant.
Young Moore and Henderson, P.A., by Jeffrey T. Linder and
Zachary C. Bolen, for defendants-appellees.
TYSON, Judge.
David Pollock (plaintiff) appeals from an opinion and award
of the Commission which (1) denied plaintiff's request for
additional compensation based upon a change of condition, (2)
relieved Waspco Corporation (employer defendant) of its
obligation to pay plaintiff based on a previous opinion and award
dated 9 May 1997, (3) denied plaintiff's request for penalties
pursuant to G.S. § 97-18(g), and (4) required defendant to pay
plaintiff limited future medical treatments. We affirm the
Commission's opinion and award in part and reverse and remand in
part.
I. Facts
Defendant employed plaintiff as a drywall finisher. Plaintiff
injured his back on 20 June 1994 while lifting a 50 to 70 pound
bucket of drywall compound. Plaintiff's salary averaged $394.68
per week at the time of the injury.
On 27 June 1994, defendant filed Form 19, Employer's Report
of Injury to Employee, with the Commission reporting plaintiff's
injury. On 7 December 1994, the Commission approved a Form 21,
Agreement for Compensation for Disability, whereby defendant
agreed to pay plaintiff $236.01 per week for 13 weeks of total
disability beginning 20 June 1994, subject to verification of
wages. This amount was based on an erroneous average weekly wage
of $354.00. The form also indicated that plaintiff had returned to
work for defendant on 19 September 1994. Plaintiff visited many
health care providers and worked for numerous employers after 1994.
Sometime after 22 June 1995, plaintiff filed Form 18, Notice
of Accident to Employer, with the Commission seeking further
indemnity benefits. On 17 July 1995, defendant filed Form 61,
Denial of Workers' Compensation Claim, stating that plaintiff had
claimed a change of condition . . . . Employee [plaintiff] claims
recurrence of pain while working June 23, 1995. Our denial is
based on the fact that there was no change of condition but a new
and separate incident . . . . On 10 August and 6 October 1995,
plaintiff filed two Form 33's, Request that Claim be Assigned for
Hearing. Plaintiff asserted that defendant denied his claim and
requested compensation benefits from 20 June 1994 to the currentdate.
Deputy Commissioner Lawrence B. Shuping, Jr. (Deputy
Shuping) conducted a hearing on 22 July 1996. Deputy Shuping
filed an opinion and award on 9 May 1997. The award granted
plaintiff compensation for (1) corrected temporary total
disability, (2) adjusted temporary partial disability, (3)
additional temporary total disability, (4) permanent partial
disability, under G.S. § 97-30, (5) reasonable attorney fees, and
(6) medical expenses.
First, the corrected temporary total disability required
defendant to pay $27.12 per week covering periods 20 June 1994
through 18 September 1994 and 6 October 1994 through 16 October
1994. These amounts were ordered to correct the underpayment of
temporary total disability benefits based on an incorrect average
weekly wage . . . , which resulted from an incorrect average
weekly wage reported on Form 21 filed 7 December 1994.
Second, the adjusted temporary partial disability award
ordered defendant to pay compensation from 20 October 1994 to 26
December 1994 based on two-thirds of the difference between the
$394.68 average weekly wage that plaintiff earned at time of injury
and the reduced average weekly wage that he was able to earn during
that period . . . . Deputy Shuping was unable to determine,
however, how much plaintiff was earning at that time. He presumed
that plaintiff and defendant would agree to the appropriate
additional amount of compensation due without the necessity of a
supplemental Opinion and Award or further hearing. Third, the additional temporary total disability totaled
$236.13 per week from 22 June 1995 through 16 October 1995. This
benefit was based on a substantial change for the worse in
[plaintiff's] condition subsequent to the Industrial Commission's
last Award . . . . This award was to be reduced pursuant to G.S.
§ 97-42.1 for unemployment benefits plaintiff received from the
Virginia Employment Security Commission. Deputy Shuping's award
presumed that plaintiff and defendant could obtain the specific
amount and period of unemployment compensation benefits from the
Employment Security Commission and agree to the appropriate credit
without the necessity of a supplemental Opinion and Award or
further hearing.
Fourth, the permanent partial disability required defendant
to pay $183.13 per week pursuant to G.S. § 97-30. This award was
based on Deputy Shuping's finding and conclusion that plaintiff had
reached maximum medical improvement on 3 October 1995. Plaintiff
retained a permanent back injury and was no longer capable of
engaging in the type of heavy work required by drywall finishing;
but rather, was only capable of lighter work earning less wages .
. . . Payments were required from 1 November 1995 to the
scheduled hearing date of 22 July 1996, and thereafter continuing
at the same rate so long as he [plaintiff] remains partially
disabled, subject to a change of condition, medical or employment.
This award was not offset by plaintiff's wages or unemployment
benefits.
The opinion and award also granted plaintiff reasonableattorney's fees and all plaintiff's reasonable and necessary
medical expenses.
Neither defendant nor plaintiff appealed from Deputy Shuping's
opinion and award.
On or about 16 September 1997, plaintiff filed a Motion for
Order to Show Cause and Motion to Compel Payments of Compensation
Benefits. The record does not contain the disposition of these
motions. Plaintiff filed Form 33, Request that Claim be Assigned
for Hearing, and a Motion for Review and Modification of Prior
Opinion and Award Based upon a Change in Claimant's Condition for
the Worse Pursuant to N.C.G.S. § 97-47 on 16 January 1998. On 24
January 1998, plaintiff filed a Motion to Compel Payment for
Medical Expenses Pursuant to N.C.G.S. § 97-25.
Defendant executed a Response to Request that Claim be
Assigned for Hearing on 4 March 1998, stating that: [w]e have
received no information regarding any alleged change of condition
since the Opinion and Award . . . filed May 9, 1997 and the same is
therefore denied; no physician has diagnosed any change in
plaintiff's physical condition; any alleged diminishment in
plaintiff's wage earning capacity is not related to his compensable
injury.
Plaintiff and defendant entered into a pre-trial agreement on
1 October 1998. Deputy Commissioner W. Bain Jones, Jr. (Deputy
Jones) convened a hearing that day. Deputy Jones halted the
hearing and issued an order on 2 October 1998 requiring plaintiff
to document his sources of income for all relevant periods. Thehearing resumed on 18 November 1998. Deputy Jones stated that
there is still outstanding information needed . . . . Plaintiff's
counsel is allowed seven days from this hearing . . . to contact
the . . . Virginia Unemployment Commission . . . relating to
benefits . . . paid to plaintiff and ask that those records be
certified and then provided to me.
On 30 August 1999, Deputy Jones filed an opinion and award.
He found that (1) [b]ased on the inconsistencies in plaintiff's
testimony and other credible evidence, and based upon plaintiff's
demeanor at hearing . . . plaintiff has failed to meet his burden
of proof that he was partially disabled at any time after July 1,
1996, (2) defendant had paid all benefits due and payable under
Deputy Shuping's opinion and award, and (3) circumstances beyond
defendant's control caused defendant to pay plaintiff late. The
opinion and award obviated defendant's obligation under Deputy
Shuping's opinion and award after 22 July 1996, denied plaintiff's
request for additional benefits, and directed defendant to pay all
of plaintiff's medical expenses.
Plaintiff appealed to the Commission on 9 September 1999.
After review on 22 May 2000, the Commission filed an opinion and
award on 2 October 2000 affirming Deputy Jones' opinion and award.
Plaintiff appeals.
II. Issues
Plaintiff assigns as error the Commission's (1) finding that
plaintiff earned an income greater than the average weekly wage at
the time of injury, (2) relieving defendant of its obligation topay worker's compensation based on Deputy Shuping's opinion and
award, and (3) failing to sanction defendant for its willful
noncompliance with Deputy Shuping's opinion and award.
III. Plaintiff's Wage
Plaintiff argues that there is no evidence to support a
finding that plaintiff earned wages greater or equal to $394.68 per
week subsequent to 20 June 1994, and that it was error to relieve
defendant of its obligation to pay plaintiff pursuant to Deputy
Shuping's order and award. We disagree.
Our review of an opinion and award is limited to whether
there is any competent evidence in the record to support the
Commission's findings of fact and whether these findings support
the Commission's conclusions of law.
Lineback v. Wake County Bd.
of Comm'rs, 126 N.C. App. 678, 680, 486 S.E.2d 252, 254 (1997)
(citation omitted). Findings of fact are conclusive upon appeal if
supported by competent evidence, even if there is evidence to
support a contrary finding.
Morrison v. Burlington Indus., 304
N.C. 1, 6, 282 S.E.2d 458, 463 (1981) (citations omitted).
The Commission found that (1) plaintiff began working for
Thomas Brown at $12.00 per hour . . . on July 1, 1996, (2)
plaintiff worked for employer Joe Roper as a drywall finisher from
February 1997 to May 1997, and (3) plaintiff had returned to work
after 1 July 1996 at wages greater than he earned before his injury
on 20 June 1994.
Plaintiff's own admissions, both from discovery responses andhis testimony, support Deputy Jones' findings that plaintiff earned
more than his pre-injury wages. At the 1 October 1998 hearing the
following exchange occurred on cross-examination:
DEFENSE COUNSEL: It [discovery request]
says you worked for him [Thomas Brown]
from July of 1996 to December of 1996,
isn't that right. That's what it says,
right?
PLAINTIFF: That's what it says, yes.
DEFENSE COUNSEL: And you were earning
$12 an hour for Mr. Brown.
PLAINTIFF: Yes, that's what---
DEFENSE COUNSEL: That's more than you
were earning with Waspco, isn't that
right?
PLAINTIFF: That's correct.
Plaintiff also disclosed that he was earning more than his
pre-injury wage at the 18 November 1998 hearing.
DEFENSE COUNSEL: All right. What did
you do for Mr. Roper?
PLAINTIFF: Same thing, drywall
finishing. I worked with him from - I
think it's from February to May, around
the end of May, I believe . . . .
DEFENSE COUNSEL: How much did you make?
. . . .
PLAINTIFF: With Mr. - I can't remember
what he paid me - Mr. Roper. To be
honest I don't - I don't remember
exactly. Eleven---
We hold that there was competent evidence to support the
Commission's finding of fact that plaintiff earned wages greater
than or equal to his pre-injury average weekly wage.
IV. Defendant's Duty to Pay
'If an award is made by the Industrial Commission, payable
during disability, there is a presumption that disability lasts
until the employee returns to work . . . .'"
In re Stone v. G & G
Builders, 346 N.C. 154, 157, 484 S.E.2d 365, 367 (1997) (quoting
Watkins v. Central Motor Lines, 279 N.C. 132, 137, 181 S.E.2d 588,
592 (1971)). However, as stated in Rule 404(1) of the Workers'
Compensation Rules of the North Carolina Industrial Commission,
this presumption of continued disability is rebuttable.
Id.
Plaintiff entered the hearing before Deputy Jones with a
presumption of disability that attached based upon Deputy Shuping's
opinion and award of 19 May 1997. Defendant rebutted that
presumption using plaintiff's testimonial evidence showing that
plaintiff returned to work earning wages equal to or greater than
his pre-injury wages after 1 July 1996. We conclude that this
finding rebutted plaintiff's presumption. We hold that this
finding, which is supported by competent evidence, relieves
defendant of its obligation to pay plaintiff pursuant to Deputy
Shuping's opinion and award for permanent partial disability,
under G.S. § 97-30. This assignment of error is overruled.
We note that Deputy Shuping's award, by its own terms, awarded
plaintiff benefits up to the date of the hearing on 22 July 1996,
as well as benefits thereafter subject to any change of condition,
medical or employment. Defendant never appealed from that opinion
and award. Deputy Jones found subsequently that plaintiff'semployment condition improved on 1 July 1996. This finding cannot
affect that portion of Deputy Shuping's award requiring payment
through the hearing date certain of 22 July 1996. Defendant is
therefore only entitled to cease paying after 22 July 1996 pursuant
to Deputy Jones' award. This date should be modified upon remand.
V. Sanctions
Plaintiff contends the Commission erred by failing to impose
a 10% penalty for violation of N.C. Gen. Stat. § 97-18 (1998).
Deputy Shuping awarded plaintiff four separate compensation awards.
We agree with regards to Deputy Shuping's awards one and four as
outlined above.
G.S. § 97-18(e) requires the Commission to assess a 10%
penalty for an unpaid installment if the payment is not made
withing 14 days after it becomes due. Tucker v. Workable Company,
129 N.C. App. 695, 703, 501 S.E.2d 360, 366 (1998); Bostick v.
Kinston-Neuse Corp., 145 N.C. App. 102, 110, 549 S.E.2d 558, 563
(2001). The Commission concluded that plaintiff was not entitled
to penalties for receiving late payments. In support of this
conclusion it found that:
The amount of the benefits due plaintiff as
awarded in Deputy Commissioner Shuping's May
9, 1997 Opinion and Award was intentionally
left uncertain due to a lack of information.
Deputy Commissioner Shuping . . . instructed
'the parties' to ascertain the exact amounts
owed subsequent to his decision. The sources
of information that were available to the
Commission and the parties subsequent to that
Opinion and Award and could clarify the exact
amounts owed plaintiff were: plaintiff's
Virginia unemployment records, plaintiff's taxreturns, plaintiff's testimony, and
plaintiff's answers to interrogatories. These
sources are inconsistent, incomplete, and
incongruous with each other. The problems
surrounding the procurement of correct wage
information were beyond defendant's control.
Given the resulting good-faith disputes
arising from these issues, plaintiff has
produced insufficient evidence from which the
Full Commission can award penalties pursuant
to N.C. Gen. Stat. § 97-18.
We have reviewed the entire record and conclude that competent
evidence only supports this finding with respect to Deputy
Shuping's awards two and three. Awards two and three were subject
to plaintiff's cooperation; awards one and four were not. We
conclude that no good faith justification existed to prevent
defendant paying awards one and four. Defendant possessed all the
information needed to calculate plaintiff's payment pursuant to
those two awards when Deputy Shuping's opinion and award issued.
Because the provisions of G.S. § 97-18(g) are mandatory ('there
shall be added'), we are compelled to conclude that a 10% penalty
is due. Bostick, 145 N.C. App. at 110, 549 S.E.2d at 563 (citing
Kisiah v. W.R. Kisiah Plumbing, 124 N.C. App. 72, 83, 476 S.E.2d
434, 440 (1997)). We affirm the opinion and award in part and
reverse and remand in part.
Affirmed in part, reversed and remanded in part.
Judges TIMMONS-GOODSON and HUDSON concur.
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