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NO. COA02-185
NORTH CAROLINA COURT OF APPEALS
Filed: 3 December 2002
CAROLYN ALFORD,
Plaintiff
v
.
WANDA EVETTE LOWERY,
Defendant
Appeal by plaintiff from judgment entered 28 August 2001 by
Judge Nancy Black Norelli in Mecklenburg County District Court.
Heard in the Court of Appeals 16 October 2002.
Carolyn Alford, plaintiff-appellant, pro se.
Morris York Williams Surles & Barringer, LLP, by Christa C.
Pratt and Marc S. Gentile, for defendant-appellee.
HUNTER, Judge.
A jury found that Carolyn Alford (plaintiff) was injured by
the negligence of Wanda Evette Lowery (defendant). However,
plaintiff was barred from recovery because the jury additionally
found that plaintiff had been contributorily negligent. Plaintiff
appeals from the judgment entered upon the verdict. We affirm for
the reasons set forth herein.
This case arises from an automobile accident that occurred on
the morning of 2 September 1996 at approximately 6:40 a.m. The
accident took place in Mecklenburg County on Hawthorne Lane, which
is a two lane road divided by a double yellow line. The evidence
tended to show that as plaintiff was driving south on Hawthorne
Lane, plaintiff noticed a car ahead of her, driven by defendant,
cross the double yellow line and travel towards her in plaintiff'slane of travel. The two vehicles collided head-on. Plaintiff
observed that defendant's car was in her lane of travel at least
one, and maybe two, blocks away from the location of impact.
According to plaintiff, the impact occurred completely in her lane
of travel. Plaintiff nor defendant blew their horns prior to
impact. Plaintiff testified that she did not take any evasive
action until just prior to the collision.
Police Officer Kevin L. Weaver testified that when he arrived
at the scene of the accident, both vehicles were straddling the
yellow line. Officer Weaver further testified that there were
thirty feet of skid marks from plaintiff's vehicle.
Plaintiff filed a complaint on 23 February 1999 alleging that
defendant's negligence was a proximate cause of plaintiff's
personal injuries and damages. Defendant filed an answer raising
the defense of a sudden emergency. Defendant alleged in her answer
that as she was proceeding northbound on Hawthorne Lane, an object
appeared in the path of her vehicle and caused defendant to swerve
to the left in order to avoid colliding with the object. A jury
concluded that plaintiff was injured by the negligence of defendant
but that plaintiff contributed to her injuries by her own
negligence. Judgment was entered upon the verdict and plaintiff
recovered nothing since the jury found she had been contributorily
negligent.
At the outset, defendant points out that plaintiff's brief
does not comply with Rule 28(b)(4) of the North Carolina Rules of
Appellate Procedure because plaintiff failed to file a statement ofthe jurisdictional grounds for the appeal. Defendant requests that
we dismiss plaintiff's appeal for plaintiff's noncompliance.
However, we elect to exercise our discretion pursuant to Rule 2 of
the North Carolina Rules of Appellate Procedure and review the
merits of this appeal.
I.
Plaintiff initially contends the trial court erred in granting
defendant's motion to amend her answer to include the affirmative
defense of contributory negligence. Plaintiff specifically asserts
that defendant failed to present sufficient evidence to support
such an amendment of the pleading.
Rule 15(b) of the North Carolina Rules of Civil Procedure
provides the following in pertinent part:
When issues not raised by the pleadings are
tried by the express or implied consent of the
parties, they shall be treated in all respects
as if they had been raised in the pleadings.
Such amendment of the pleadings as may be
necessary to cause them to conform to the
evidence and to raise these issues may be made
upon motion of any party at any time, either
before or after judgment . . . . If evidence
is objected to at the trial on the ground that
it is not within the issues raised by the
pleadings, the court may allow the pleadings
to be amended and shall do so freely when
. . . the objecting party fails to satisfy the
court that the admission of such evidence
would prejudice him in maintaining his action
or defense upon the merits.
N.C. Gen. Stat. § 1A-1, Rule 15(b) (2001). This Court has stated
that [l]iberal amendment of pleadings is encouraged by the Rules
of Civil Procedure in order that decisions be had on the merits and
not avoided on the basis of mere technicalities. Phillips v.Phillips, 46 N.C. App. 558, 560-61, 265 S.E.2d 441, 443 (1980).
Further, the trial court is allowed broad discretion in ruling on
motions to amend pleadings. North River Ins. Co. v. Young, 117
N.C. App. 663, 453 S.E.2d 205 (1995).
In the instant case, plaintiff has failed to show that the
trial court abused its discretion in allowing defendant's motion to
amend her answer. The evidence raises an issue of contributory
negligence. Plaintiff testified that she observed defendant's
vehicle for at least one, and possibly two, blocks with no visual
obstructions traveling towards her in her lane; plaintiff took no
evasive action until just prior to impact; the point of impact was
entirely within plaintiff's lane; and plaintiff failed to blow her
horn in an effort to catch the attention of defendant prior to the
accident. In addition, plaintiff was not prejudiced by the grant
of this motion since plaintiff's attorney stated that he had been
on notice that defendant intended to amend her answer to include
the defense of contributory negligence for some time. Therefore,
this assignment of error is overruled.
II.
Plaintiff next argues the trial court erred in instructing the
jury on the issue of contributory negligence. However, there is no
evidence in the record indicating that plaintiff objected to the
contributory negligence instruction being submitted to the jury.
Rule 10(b)(2) of the North Carolina Rules of Appellate Procedure
provides, [a] party may not assign as error any portion of the
jury charge or omission therefrom unless he objects thereto. . . . N.C.R. App. P. 10(b)(2). Therefore, plaintiff has not
properly preserved this issue for appeal.
III.
Plaintiff also assigns error to the trial court's failure to
instruct the jury on gross negligence and last clear chance.
However, we note there is no evidence that plaintiff requested an
instruction on gross negligence or last clear chance nor is there
evidence that plaintiff objected to the omission of such
instructions. Accordingly, we conclude this argument was waived by
plaintiff because the issue was not properly preserved for
appellate review. See N.C.R. App. P. 10(b)(2).
IV.
Plaintiff additionally asserts that the jury's finding that
she was contributorily negligent was improper since there was no
evidence of contributory negligence. We conclude this contention
lacks merit.
Contributory negligence . . . is negligence on the part of
the plaintiff which joins, simultaneously or successively, with the
negligence of the defendant . . . to produce the injury of which
the plaintiff complains. Jackson v. McBride, 270 N.C. 367, 372,
154 S.E.2d 468, 471 (1967). The burden is on the defendant to
prove contributory negligence. Wentz v. Unifi, Inc., 89 N.C. App.
33, 365 S.E.2d 198 (1988). We conclude there was adequate evidence
for a jury to find that plaintiff's negligence contributed to her
injuries. The evidence showed that plaintiff observed the vehicle
driven by defendant for a minimum of one, and a maximum of two,city blocks prior to impact, that plaintiff did not take any
evasive action until just prior to impact, that the impact occurred
while plaintiff's vehicle was completely within its own lane, and
that plaintiff made no attempts prior to the collision to catch
defendant's attention. Therefore, the jury's verdict was supported
by the evidence and we accordingly conclude plaintiff's argument
lacks merit.
The case sub judice is representative of the result that often
arises from the common law doctrine of contributory negligence. As
this Court has previously noted:
The common law doctrine of contributory
negligence has been the law in this State
since Morrison v. Cornelius, 63 N.C. 346
(1869) . . . . Although forty-six states have
abandoned the doctrine of contributory
negligence in favor of comparative negligence,
contributory negligence continues to be the
law of this State until our Supreme Court
overrules it or the General Assembly adopts
comparative negligence.
Jones v. Rochelle, 125 N.C. App. 82, 89, 479 S.E.2d 231, 235
(1997).
V.
Plaintiff finally contends that her legal counsel was not
looking out for her best interests, failed to inform plaintiff of
her rights, and failed to administer adequate representation.
Plaintiff's contention may be characterized as an ineffective
assistance of counsel claim. Plaintiff cites no authority and we
have found no precedent for setting aside a jury verdict in a civil
case based on ineffective assistance of counsel. Therefore,
plaintiff's assignment of error is overruled. For the foregoing reasons, we affirm the judgment of the trial
court.
Affirmed.
Judges WYNN and TIMMONS-GOODSON concur.
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