IN THE MATTER OF: THOMAS DANIEL HUMPHREY, JR.
Appeal by respondent from order entered 9 November 2001 by
Judge J.H. Corpening, II in District Court, New Hanover County.
Heard in the Court of Appeals 16 October 2002.
W.T. Batchelor II, for petitioner-appellee.
Robert C. Slaughter, III for respondent-appellant.
McGEE, Judge.
Thomas D. Humphrey (petitioner) filed a petition on 13
September 2000 in New Hanover County to terminate the parental
rights of Anne Wyatt Skok (respondent) to Thomas Daniel Humphrey,
Jr. (the child). Respondent filed an answer to the petition and a
motion to dismiss on 8 October 2001. Respondent filed a motion to
continue the hearing on the petition to terminate parental rights
on 19 October 2001. The trial court denied the motion and the
hearing commenced on 23 October 2001. Respondent orally moved to
dismiss the petition, which the trial court denied at the end of
the hearing. The trial court found that respondent had neglected
and abandoned the child and concluded that termination of
respondent's parental rights to the child were in the best
interests of the child. Respondent appeals.
The evidence presented before the trial court tended to show
that the child was born to petitioner and respondent on 25 June
1989. After petitioner and respondent separated, petitioner wasawarded temporary custody of the child and respondent was awarded
visitation in 1992 in Wake County District Court. Petitioner has
maintained physical custody of the child since 30 July 1992.
Respondent has had limited contact with the child since 1992 and
last visited the child on 25 June 1995. Between 1992 and 1995,
respondent visited the child an average of once a year and
telephoned the child approximately four times. She sent at most
four cards or letters to the child over the past seven years. The
trial court found that respondent "is not actively pursuing a
resumption of her relationship with her son."
Respondent did not seek visitation with the child from 1995
until she filed a contempt motion against petitioner in August 2000
in Wake County District Court. Respondent's motion for contempt
and request for visitation were denied on 6 August 2001, nunc pro
tunc to 30 April 2001. The trial court also ordered respondent to
submit to a psychological evaluation, but respondent failed to do
so.
At the time of the termination of parental rights hearing the
child resided with petitioner and petitioner's wife (stepmother) in
New Hanover County. The child's stepmother has a fourteen-year-old
daughter with whom the child has a good relationship. There is
evidence in the record that the child has a good home life, is
performing well in school, and is supportive of his stepmother's
plans to adopt him.
Respondent first argues the trial court erred in denying her
motion to dismiss the petition to terminate her parental rightsbecause the issues in this case were already under the jurisdiction
of the district court in Wake County. Respondent contends the
district court in New Hanover County lacked subject matter
jurisdiction.
The statute setting forth provisions related to jurisdiction
in termination of parental rights cases, N.C. Gen. Stat. § 7B-1101
(2001), states that
[t]he Court shall have exclusive original
jurisdiction to hear and determine any
petition or motion relating to termination of
parental rights to any juvenile who resides
in, is found in . . . the district at the time
of filing of the petition or motion. . . .
Provided, that before exercising jurisdiction
under this Article, the court shall find that
it would have jurisdiction to make a child-
custody determination under the provisions of
G.S. 50A-201, 50A-203, or 50A-204.
Our Court has stated that "[t]his provision requires a two-part
process in which the trial court must first consider whether it has
jurisdiction to make a child custody order under N.C. Gen. Stat. §
[50A-201] before it can exert the 'exclusive original' jurisdiction
granted in N.C. Gen. Stat. § [7B-1101]." In re Bean, 132 N.C. App.
363, 366, 511 S.E.2d 683, 686 (1999) (quoting In re Leonard, 77
N.C. App. 439, 335 S.E.2d 73 (1985)). Satisfaction of the first
part of the test requires that the district court's exercise of
jurisdiction be compatible with the Uniform Child-Custody
Jurisdiction and Enforcement Act (UCCJEA), codified in N.C. Gen.
Stat. Chapter 50A. In re Bean, 132 N.C. App. at 366, 511 S.E.2d at
686.
The UCCJEA provides that the court has jurisdiction to make aninitial child custody determination only if North Carolina is the
"home state of the child on the date of the commencement of the
proceeding, or was the home state of the child within six months
before the commencement of the proceeding." N.C. Gen. Stat. § 50A-
201(a)(1) (2001). "It is a generally accepted principle that the
courts of the state in which a minor child is physically present
have jurisdiction consistent with due process to adjudicate a
custody dispute involving that child." Lynch v. Lynch, 302 N.C.
189, 193, 274 S.E.2d 212, 217, modified and affirmed, 303 N.C. 367,
279 S.E.2d 840 (1981).
Evidence in the record demonstrates that the child was a
resident of North Carolina at the time the petition for termination
of parental rights was filed. North Carolina was also the home
state of the child at the time the action for child custody was
originally filed in 1992 and the record shows that the child has
remained a resident of North Carolina subsequently. Additionally,
no other state has attempted to assert jurisdiction, original or
otherwise, in this case. Accordingly, there is no evidence of a
jurisdictional conflict with the court of another state and the
district court in New Hanover County could exercise child custody
jurisdiction consistent with the UCCJEA.
Respondent cites In re Greer, 26 N.C. App. 106, 215 S.E.2d 404
(1975) in arguing that the court which first acquires custody
jurisdiction retains it to the exclusion of others. In Greer, the
trial court in Watauga County entered a child custody award in a
divorce and custody proceeding. Approximately six years later, thechildren began residing with their father in Pitt County, which was
not authorized by the child custody order. The district court in
Pitt County attempted to assert jurisdiction over the children on
the basis that they were neglected. Our Court ruled that the
district court in Pitt County could not usurp the jurisdictional
authority of the district court in Watauga County because no
factual findings were made by the district court in Pitt County to
support the conclusion that the children were neglected. We
concluded that there was no legal justification for permitting the
district court in Pitt County to enter its order.
However, in Greer we opined that a sufficient factual basis
for establishing that the children were neglected while in Pitt
County would have permitted the district court in Pitt County to
exercise jurisdiction in the case.
[I]n this case where only the question of
custody is involved, if the factual
circumstances justified a finding of
"neglect," it is our opinion that the District
Court, Pitt County, could properly assume
jurisdiction and temporary custody of the
children for the limited purpose of returning
them to the proper custodian or the proper
court; and in some cases involving . . .
neglected . . . children the District Court
where the children are found may assume
custody jurisdiction under G.S. 7A-277, et.
seq., even where another court has custody
jurisdiction under G.S. 50-13.1, et. seq.
Id. at 113, 215 S.E.2d at 409.
The holding in Greer is distinguishable from the facts in the
present case, but we find the dicta of this Court in Greer to be
persuasive. In the case before us, the original child custody
action was filed in district court in Wake County and a temporarycustody order was entered on 17 August 1992. The district court in
Wake County properly exercised jurisdiction over the custody matter
and the child because all parties resided in Wake County at the
initiation of the divorce and custody action. Petitioner filed a
petition for termination of parental rights on 13 September 2000 in
district court in New Hanover County. In granting the petition,
the district court in New Hanover County determined that the child
had been neglected by respondent and made sufficient findings of
fact to support that determination, as discussed hereafter. While
Wake County still maintained jurisdiction over the child custody
proceeding, the district court in New Hanover County could assume
child custody jurisdiction over the child due to its finding that
the child was neglected.
Having determined that a district court can exercise
jurisdiction consistent with the UCCJEA, we must now determine if
the district court in New Hanover County meets the remaining
requirements for exercising jurisdiction under N.C.G.S. § 7B-1101.
The statute requires that the child reside in or be found in the
county where the petition for termination of parental rights is
filed. N.C.G.S. § 7B-1101.
The record demonstrates that petitioner was a resident of New
Hanover County at the time the petition was filed. The record also
shows that the child was residing with petitioner in New Hanover
County at the time of the filing of the petition and at the time of
the issue of the order terminating respondent's parental rights.
Accordingly, the requirement that the child reside in or be foundin New Hanover County was satisfied and enabled the district court
to exercise jurisdiction pursuant to N.C.G.S. § 7B-1101. This
assignment of error is without merit.
Respondent next argues the trial court erred in denying
respondent's motion to continue the 23 October 2001 hearing.
Respondent contends that she and her mother were justifiably absent
from the hearing and that the hearing should have been continued
due to the pending action in Wake County District Court. Since we
already have held that the district court in New Hanover County
was able to assume jurisdiction in this matter, we will only
address respondent's argument that she was justifiably absent from
the hearing.
A motion to continue is addressed to the
court's sound discretion and will not be
disturbed on appeal in the absence of abuse of
discretion. Continuances are not favored and
the party seeking a continuance has the burden
of showing sufficient grounds for it. The
chief consideration is whether granting or
denying a continuance will further substantial
justice.
Doby v. Lowder, 72 N.C. App. 22, 24, 324 S.E.2d 26, 28 (1984)
(citations omitted).
Respondent has failed to demonstrate that a continuance of the
hearing was necessary to further substantial justice. Respondent's
brief fails to address respondent's absence from the hearing and
provides no evidence that would warrant a continuance. Respondent
stated that her motion for continuance was partially based on the
fact that her mother, a crucial witness, could not attend the
hearing, but respondent fails to develop this argument or provideevidence to support this claim. Respondent has failed to meet her
burden of demonstrating sufficient grounds for a continuance. The
trial court did not abuse its discretion in denying respondent's
motion to continue the hearing. This assignment of error is
without merit.
Respondent next argues the trial court erred in denying
respondent's motion to dismiss the petition to terminate parental
rights because the petition failed to meet statutory requirements.
Respondent contends the petition failed to state that it had not
been filed to circumvent the provisions of Article 2 of Chapter 50A
of the North Carolina General Statutes, as required by N.C.G.S. §
7B-1104.
N.C. Gen. Stat. § 7B-1104(7) (2001) states that a petition or
motion for termination of parental rights shall state that the
petition "has not been filed to circumvent the provisions of
Article 2 of Chapter 50A of the General Statutes, the Uniform
Child-Custody Jurisdiction and Enforcement Act." The record shows
that petitioner failed to make this statement of fact in the
petition he filed in district court in New Hanover County on 13
September 2000. However, the trial court made a finding of fact
that "[t]he petition did not allege specifically that the petition
was not filed to avoid the Uniform Child Custody Jurisdiction and
Enforcement Act but did allege the existence of a proceeding in
Wake County, North Carolina regarding visitation with this child."
This finding was sufficient to establish that the petition was not
filed to circumvent the UCCJEA and to cure petitioner's error. Additionally, we find no authority that compelled dismissal of the
action solely because petitioner failed to include this statement
of fact in the petition. While it is a better practice to include
the factual statement as stated in the statute, under the facts in
this case we find that respondent has failed to demonstrate that
she was prejudiced as a result of the omission. This assignment of
error is overruled.
Respondent argues the trial court erred in considering the
issue of neglect because the petition failed to allege that
respondent had neglected the child. Respondent contends that
consideration of the neglect issue was unfair because it did not
put her on notice that she needed to defend against the allegation
of neglect.
N.C. Gen. Stat. § 7B-1104(6) (2001) states that a petition for
termination of parental rights shall state "[f]acts that are
sufficient to warrant a determination that one or more of the
grounds for terminating parental rights exist." Factual
allegations must be sufficient to put a respondent on notice
regarding the acts, omissions, or conditions at issue in the
petition. In re Hardesty, 150 N.C. App. 380, 384, 563 S.E.2d 79,
82 (2002).
In the present case, petitioner's factual allegations were
sufficient to put respondent on notice regarding the issues in the
petition. The petition alleged that respondent had not visited the
child in the past five years and that respondent had contributed
less than $25.00 to the child's support since 1992. These factualallegations were sufficient to give respondent notice regarding the
issue of neglect and petitioner did not need to specifically allege
neglect in the petition. This assignment of error is without
merit.
Respondent argues the trial court erred in finding as fact and
concluding as a matter of law that respondent neglected and
abandoned the child.
On review, this Court must determine whether
the trial court's findings of fact were based
on clear, cogent, and convincing evidence, and
whether those findings of fact support a
conclusion that parental termination should
occur on the grounds stated in N.C. Gen. Stat.
§ 7A-289.32. So long as the findings of fact
support a conclusion based on § 7A-289.32,
the order terminating parental rights must be
affirmed.
In re Oghenekevebe, 123 N.C. App. 434, 435-36, 473 S.E.2d 393, 395-
96 (1996) (citation omitted). Findings of fact to which a
respondent did not object are conclusive on appeal. In re
Wilkerson, 57 N.C. App. 63, 65, 291 S.E.2d 182, 183 (1982). A
finding of any one of the enumerated grounds for termination of
parental rights under N.C.G.S. 7B-1111 is sufficient to support a
termination. In re Pierce, 67 N.C. App. 257, 261, 312 S.E.2d 900,
903 (1984). Accordingly, we limit our review to respondent's
argument regarding the trial court's finding and conclusion that
the child was neglected.
The trial court may terminate the parental rights to a child
upon a finding that the parent has neglected the child. N.C. Gen.
Stat. § 7B-1111(a)(1) (2001). N.C. Gen. Stat. § 7B-101(15) (2001)
defines, in pertinent part, a neglected juvenile as "[a] juvenilewho does not receive proper care, supervision, or discipline from
the juvenile's parent . . . or who has been abandoned."
Abandonment has been defined as
wilful neglect and refusal to perform the
natural and legal obligations of parental care
and support. It has been held that if a
parent withholds his presence, his love, his
care, the opportunity to display filial
affection, and wilfully neglects to lend
support and maintenance, such parent
relinquishes all parental claims and abandons
the child.
Pratt v. Bishop, 257 N.C. 486, 501, 126 S.E.2d 597, 608 (1962).
Evidence in the record shows that respondent has not visited
the child or requested visitation since 1995. Furthermore, her
only contact with the child since 1995 was a birthday card in 2001.
The evidence demonstrates that respondent has wilfully refused to
perform her obligations as a parent and has withheld her presence,
love, care, and opportunity to display filial affection from the
child. Respondent has had limited interaction with the child since
1992, visiting with him less than once a year between 1992 and
1995. She has also failed to financially contribute to the support
of the child since 1992.
N.C. Gen. Stat. § 7B-1111(a)(7) (2001) states that parental
rights may be terminated on the grounds of abandonment if the
parent has abandoned the child for at least six consecutive months
immediately preceding the petition. The statute does not impose a
six-consecutive-month requirement when the child is classified as
neglected due to abandonment. The evidence demonstrates that
respondent abandoned the child over a six-year period and has donenothing to fulfill her obligations as a parent. While respondent
argues that she is currently seeking visitation rights in the Wake
County custody action, this alone does not demonstrate that
respondent is attempting to perform her obligations as a parent.
Respondent has failed to make any effort towards contacting or
supporting the child through visitation, correspondence, or
support. The evidence shows that the child has received no
parental care or affection from respondent since 1995 and received
visitation an average of once per year from 1992 to 1995.
Respondent also failed to except to the trial court's finding that
she was "not actively pursuing a resumption of her relationship
with her son" and to other findings supporting neglect. Thus,
these findings become conclusive on appeal. In re Wilkerson, 57
N.C. App. at 65, 291 S.E.2d at 183.
The evidence in the record is sufficiently clear and
convincing to support the trial court's findings of fact that
respondent has neglected the child. These findings of fact support
the trial court's conclusions of law and its decision to terminate
the parental rights of respondent. This assignment of error is
without merit.
We have reviewed respondent's remaining arguments and find
them to be without merit.
Affirmed.
Judges WYNN and HUDSON concur.
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