Appeal by plaintiffs from order entered 2 July 2003 by Judge
Robert P. Johnston in Mecklenburg County Superior Court. Heard in
the Court of Appeals 15 June 2004.
Downer, Walters & Mitchener, P.A., by Joseph H. Downer and
William B. Holman for plaintiff.
Wishart, Norris, Henninger & Pittman, P.A., by William A.
Navarro, for defendant.
LEVINSON, Judge.
Plaintiff (Lee Shierts) appeals from an order of summary
judgment entered in favor of defendant (Atlantic Casualty Insurance
Company). For the reasons that follow, we affirm the trial court.
Plaintiff owns and operates Lee's Performance Center, Inc., a
motorcycle shop specializing in building high-performance street
bikes and selling motorcycles and motorcycle parts. As a part of
this business, plaintiff will on occasion accept a customer's
motorcycle on consignment and sell the bike on behalf of its owner.
In this situation, plaintiff and the customer/owner sign aconsignment agreement specifying the minimum sale price that the
customer would accept for the bike, and the commission that
plaintiff would earn on the sale. However, plaintiff does not buy
the motorcycle, which remains the property of the customer until
purchased by someone else.
In the summer of 1999, plaintiff took a 1999 Suzuki motorcycle
on consignment. Plaintiff took possession of the bike in order to
sell it, and ownership remained with the consignee. On 8 August
1999 plaintiff was involved in a serious accident while he was
operating the motorcycle. In May, 2000, plaintiff filed suit
against the other driver involved in the accident. At the time of
the accident, the other driver had liability insurance with
Nationwide Insurance Company in the amount of $25,000. Plaintiff
had an insurance policy with Kemper Insurance Company, providing up
to $100,000 in underinsured motorist (UIM) coverage. Plaintiff
also had a garage policy with defendant, which does not include
UIM coverage. Plaintiff's personal injury claim was submitted to
binding arbitration, and on 19 December 2001 the arbitrators
awarded plaintiff $375,000. Nationwide tendered the limits of the
applicable policy, $25,000. Kemper tendered the remainder of the
UIM coverage, $75,000.
On 7 August 2002 plaintiff filed a declaratory judgment action
against defendant, seeking a declaration that defendant was
obligated to provide UIM coverage under the garage policy.
Plaintiff asserted that, because he had never executed a valid
acceptance/rejection form rejecting UIM coverage, the provisions ofN.C.G.S. § 20-279.21(b) (2003) should be applied to afford
plaintiff UIM coverage up to the amount of his liability insurance.
Defendant denied that the policy it issued to plaintiff provided
any UIM coverage, and asserted that, because the garage policy was
an operator's policy rather than an owner's policy the
provisions of G.S. § 20-279.21(b) were inapplicable. In May 2003
defendant moved for summary judgment, and on 2 July 2003 summary
judgment was entered in favor of defendant. Plaintiff appeals the
entry of summary judgment.
Summary judgment is properly granted when the pleadings,
depositions, answers to interrogatories, and admissions on file,
together with the affidavits, if any, show that there is no genuine
issue as to any material fact and that any party is entitled to a
judgment as a matter of law. N.C.G.S. § 1A-1, Rule 56(c) (2003).
On appeal:
It is well established that the standard of
review of the grant of a motion for summary
judgment requires a two-part analysis of
whether, (1) the pleadings, depositions,
answers to interrogatories, and admissions on
file, together with the affidavits, show that
there is no genuine issue as to any material
fact; and (2) the moving party is entitled to
judgment as a matter of law.
Livingston v. Adams Kleemeier Hagan Hannah & Fouts, P.L.L.C., __
N.C. App. __, __, 594 S.E.2d 44, 48 (2004) (quoting Von Viczay v.
Thoms, 140 N.C. App. 737, 738, 538 S.E.2d 629, 630 (2000)).
Further, if the granting of summary judgment can be sustained on
any grounds, it should be affirmed on appeal. If the correctresult has been reached, the judgment will not be disturbed even
though the trial court may not have assigned the correct reason for
the judgment entered. Shore v. Brown, 324 N.C. 427, 428, 378
S.E.2d 778, 779 (1989) (citations omitted).
G.S. § 20-279.21(a) provides in relevant part that [a] 'motor
vehicle liability policy' as said term is used in this Article
shall mean an owner's or an operator's policy of liability
insurance[.]
An owner's policy protects the named insured
and any person using the designated insured
vehicle with the owner's permission. Such
policy offers no protection for liability
arising from the use of a vehicle not
described in the policy. An operator's policy
protects the named insured from liability
arising out of the use of any vehicle.
Nationwide Mut. Ins. Co. v. Aetna Life & Cas. Co., 283 N.C. 87, 91,
194 S.E.2d 834, 837 (1973) (citing
Lofquist v. Allstate Ins. Co.,
263 N.C. 615, 140 S.E. 2d 12 (1965)). G.S. § 20-279.21(b) governs
owner's policies, providing in part that if the named insured does
not reject underinsured motorist coverage and does not select
different coverage limits, the amount of underinsured motorist
coverage shall be equal to the higher limit of bodily injury
liability coverage for any one vehicle in the policy. In
contrast, G.S. § 20-279.21(c), which governs operator's policies of
automobile liability insurance, does
not provide for statutorily
mandated UIM coverage in the absence of a valid rejection.
In the instant case, it is undisputed that plaintiff did not
purchase UIM coverage with the subject policy. Plaintiff arguesthat the garage policy is properly considered an owner's policy
subject to the terms of G.S. § 20-279.21(b), rather than an
operator's policy subject to G.S. § 20-279.21(c). We conclude,
however, that even assuming
arguendo that the subject insurance
policy is an automobile liability owner's policy, the policy does
not cover the motorcycle involved in plaintiff's accident.
The garage policy that plaintiff obtained from defendant
offers an insured the opportunity to purchase eleven separate types
of automobile liability coverage. Each category of coverage is
identified by a number. These include,
e.g., No. 21 (Any Auto);
No. 22 (Owned Autos Only); No. 23 (Owned Private Passenger
Autos Only); No. 24 (Owned Autos Other Than Private Passenger
Autos Only); No. 27 (Specifically Described Autos), and No. 28
(Hired Autos Only). Plaintiff purchased only one type of
coverage: No. 29, Non-Owned 'Autos' Used in Your Garage Business.
The policy states that category No. 29 insures:
Any auto
you do not own, lease, hire, rent
or borrow used in connection with your garage
business described in the Declarations. This
includes autos owned by your employees or
partners (if you are a partnership), members
(if you are a limited liability company), or
members of their households while used in your
garage business.
(emphasis added). Plaintiff argues that he has an equitable
ownership interest in the motorcycle, and should be considered its
owner for purposes of determining defendant's obligations under
the policy. However, since category No. 29, the only type of
insurance purchased by plaintiff, explicitly applies
only to autos
he does
not own, this argument does not support plaintiff'sposition that defendant is obligated to provide him with UIM
insurance coverage.
Moreover, we conclude that to obtain insurance coverage of the
subject motorcycle, plaintiff was required to purchase a
different
category of insurance: No. 30, 'Autos' Left With You For Service,
Repair, Storage Or Safekeeping. The policy states that Category
No. 30 insures:
Any customer's land motor vehicle or trailer
or semitrailer
while left with you for
service, repair, storage or safekeeping.
Customers include your 'employees,' and
members of their households who pay for the
services performed.
(emphasis added).
Insurance policies are considered contracts between two
parties. The court's main purpose in interpreting contracts is to
ascertain the intention of the parties. The plain language of the
contract is the clearest indicator of the parties' intentions.
Metro. Prop. & Cas. Ins. Co. v. Lindquist, 120 N.C. App. 847, 851,
463 S.E.2d 574, 576 (1995) (citations omitted). Further, it is
the duty of the court to construe an insurance policy as it is
written, not to rewrite it and thus make a new contract for the
parties.
Id. (quoting
Allstate Ins. Co. v. Shelby Mut. Ins. Co.,
269 N.C. 341, 346, 152 S.E.2d 436, 440 (1967)). In the instant
case, comparison of No. 29 and No. 30 makes it clear that No. 29
covers vehicles used to conduct garage business and owned by
employees, partners, etc.; while No. 30 covers
customers' vehicles.
It is undisputed that the subject motorcycle was not an employee's
or partner's vehicle, but was consigned by a customer in order forplaintiff to resell it. It was a vehicle left with plaintiff by a
customer, and fits neatly within category No. 30. Moreover, even
if plaintiff's
operation of the motorcycle was for a valid garage-
business purpose, it was not a vehicle plaintiff
used in
connection with [his] garage business.
We conclude that, even assuming,
arguendo, that this is an
owner's policy to which the provisions of G.S. § 20-279.21(b)
apply, plaintiff did not purchase insurance to cover his customer's
vehicles, and thus did not have any insurance coverage on accidents
arising from his operation of a customer's vehicle. Accordingly,
the trial court did not err by granting summary judgment in favor
of defendant, and the trial court's order is
Affirmed.
Judge CALABRIA concurs.
Judge WYNN concurs in the result with separate opinion.
Report per Rule 30(e).
NO. COA03-1268
NORTH CAROLINA COURT OF APPEALS
Filed: 3 August 2004
LEE EDWIN SHIERTS and LEE'S
PERFORMANCE CENTER, INC.,
Plaintiffs,
v
.
Mecklenburg County
No. 02 CVS 14633
ATLANTIC CASUALTY INSURANCE
COMPANY,
Defendant.
WYNN, Judge, concurring in the result.
I agree with the majority's conclusion that summary judgment
was properly granted to Defendant in the instant case. I do so,
however, on the ground that the policy at issue was an operator's
policy and not an owner's policy. I therefore concur in the result
only.
An operator's policy is one which insures the person named as
insured therein against loss from the liability imposed upon him by
law for damages arising out of the use by him of any motor vehicle
not owned by him. N.C. Gen. Stat. § 20-279.21(c) (2003) (emphasis
added). As noted in the majority opinion, Plaintiff here purchased
coverage entitled Non-Owned 'Autos' Used in Your Garage Business,
which insured any 'auto' you do not own, lease, hire, rent or
borrow. I would hold, under the plain terms of the statute and
the insurance policy, that Plaintiff purchased an operator's policy
and was therefore not entitled to the statutorily mandated UIMcoverage extended to owner's policies. The trial court properly
granted summary judgment to Defendant.
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