Appeal by plaintiffs from an order entered 2 August 2004 by
Judge John O. Craig, III, in Superior Court, Guilford County.
Heard in the Court of Appeals 18 October 2005.
Pinto Coates Kyre & Brown, PLLC, by Paul D. Coates; and Baker
Law Offices, by Walter W. Baker, Jr., for plaintiffs-
appellants.
Douglas E. Wright for unnamed defendant-appellee
Erie Insurance Company.
McGEE, Judge.
Ashleigh Treadaway (plaintiff Treadaway) was injured in an
automobile collision when the vehicle in which she was riding,
driven by Ross McSurdy (McSurdy), collided head-on with a vehicle
driven by Steven Niebauer (defendant). Plaintiff Treadaway and her
mother, Lisa Vierling (collectively plaintiffs), filed suit against
defendant's estate to recover for personal injuries suffered by
plaintiff Treadaway and for reimbursement of medical expenses.
At the time of the collision, there were three relevantinsurance policies in effect: (1) defendant was insured by State
Farm Insurance Company (State Farm) with policy limits of $100,000
per person and $300,000 per accident; (2) the vehicle in which
plaintiff Treadaway was a passenger was covered by an underinsured
motorist (UIM) coverage policy with Erie Insurance Company (Erie)
with policy limits of $100,000 per person and $300,000 per
accident; and (3) plaintiff Treadaway was insured under her
mother's Nationwide Mutual Insurance Company (Nationwide) UIM
policy with policy limits of $100,000 per person and $300,000 per
accident. It is undisputed that the UIM coverage provided by Erie
was the primary UIM coverage and that the UIM coverage provided by
Nationwide was excess coverage to that provided by Erie.
State Farm tendered its per-accident policy limit of $300,000
to all claimants injured in the collision. State Farm agreed to
distribute $70,000 of its $300,000 liability limit to plaintiffs.
The remaining amount of State Farm's $300,000 liability limit was
paid to four other claimants in varying amounts.
At trial, Erie moved for summary judgment and asked the trial
court to dismiss Erie as a party to the action. Erie argued that
it was absolved of any UIM obligation to plaintiffs because Erie
was entitled to the full offset of State Farm's $300,000 payment of
its per-accident liability limit. The trial court granted Erie's
motion for summary judgment. The trial court found that Erie was
entitled to a full offset of State Farm's per-accident liability
limit which in effect absolved Erie of its UIM obligations. The
trial court dismissed Erie with prejudice as an unnamed defendantin the case. Plaintiffs appeal.
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A motion for summary judgment should be granted "if the
pleadings, depositions, answers to interrogatories, and admissions
on file, together with the affidavits, if any, show that there is
no genuine issue as to any material fact and that any party is
entitled to a judgment as a matter of law." N.C. Gen. Stat. §
1A-1, Rule 56(c) (2004). Our Court's standard of review of summary
judgment is
de novo.
Stafford v. County of Bladen, 163 N.C. App.
149, 151, 592 S.E.2d 711, 713 (2004).
UIM insurance is governed by N.C. Gen. Stat. § 20-279.21(b)(4)
(2004), which provides in relevant part:
[T]he limit of underinsured motorist coverage
applicable to any claim is determined to be
the difference between the amount paid to the
claimant under the exhausted liability policy
or policies and the limit of underinsured
motorist coverage applicable to the motor
vehicle involved in the accident.
The issues for our Court to determine in this case are (1)
whether the applicable UIM limit under the Erie plan is the per-
accident or per-person limit, and (2) what amount of State Farm's
payment should be subtracted from the UIM limit. Plaintiffs argue
that the applicable UIM limit is the per-person limit of $100,000
and that only the $70,000 State Farm paid to plaintiffs should be
offset. As a result, plaintiffs argue that they are entitled to
collect $30,000 from Erie. Erie argues that the applicable UIM
limit is Erie's per-accident limit of $300,000, and that this
$300,000 should be reduced by the total amount State Farm paid outto all claimants ($300,000), rather than the $70,000 that State
Farm paid to plaintiffs individually. Erie contends that
plaintiffs are not entitled to any recovery from Erie because
Erie's UIM coverage has been completely offset by State Farm's
payments.
I. Limit of UIM coverage
In
N.C. Farm Bureau Mut. Ins. Co. v. Gurley, this Court held
that when more than one claimant seeks UIM coverage, and the
tortfeasor's liability policy has been exhausted on a per-accident
basis, then the applicable UIM limit for determining offset is the
UIM policy's per-accident limit.
Gurley, 139 N.C. App. 178, 532
S.E.2d 846,
disc. review denied, 352 N.C. 675, 545 S.E.2d 427
(2000).
Our Court reasoned that "when more than one claimant is
seeking UIM coverage, . . . how the liability policy was exhausted
will determine the applicable UIM limit."
Id. at 181, 532 S.E.2d
at 849. The three claimants in
Gurley, having been compensated
under the tortfeasor's per-accident liability coverage limit, were
limited to the difference between the tortfeasor's liability
policy's per-accident limit of $500,000 and the UIM per-accident
limit of $100,000. In the present case, there are multiple
claimants, and the parties stipulated that State Farm's payments to
claimants exhausted State Farm's per-accident liability limit.
Therefore, under
Gurley, the applicable UIM limit is also the per-
accident limit of $300,000.
Plaintiffs contend that
Gurley does not apply to the facts of
this case because the claimants in
Gurley were all in the samevehicle and thus all were entitled to make a claim against the same
UIM carrier, whereas the claimants in the present case were not all
in the same vehicle and thus not all were entitled to make a UIM
claim against Erie. However, the holding in
Gurley does not
require that all claimants be in the same vehicle. The language of
Gurley requires only that there be multiple claimants seeking the
UIM coverage.
Gurley, 139 N.C. App. at 181, 532 S.E.2d at 848
(concluding that "[s]pecifically, . . . we conclude that the
applicable UIM limit under N.C. Gen. Stat. § 20-279.21(b)(4) will
depend on two factors: (1) the number of claimants seeking coverage
under the UIM policy; and (2) whether the negligent driver's
liability policy was exhausted pursuant to a per-person or per-
accident cap.").
Plaintiffs further argue that under
Aills v. Nationwide Mutual
Ins. Co., our analysis should be limited to an examination of the
language of the Erie policy.
Aills, 88 N.C. App. 595, 363 S.E.2d
880 (1988). However, this Court stated in
Gurley that
Aills was
not determinative of the issue of calculating UIM coverage because
Aills "ultimately relie[d] on the language of the UIM policy
itself, rather than the UIM statute."
Gurley at 181, 532 S.E.2d at
848.
Gurley analyzed both the UIM statute and the language of the
policy, and we will do likewise.
II. Amount of State Farm payment to be deducted
Plaintiffs argue that the language of Erie's UIM policy
mandates a reduction in the amount paid by State Farm to each
individual claimant, rather than a reduction in the amount of thetotal per-accident payments made by State Farm. The policy
language of Erie's coverage provides that "[a]ny amount otherwise
payable for damages under this [UIM] coverage shall be reduced by
all sums paid because of the bodily injury or property damage by or
on behalf of the persons or organizations who may be legally
responsible." Plaintiffs argue that the reduction for which this
clause provides is for payments made to plaintiffs in the amount of
$70,000. In support of this argument, plaintiffs cite
Harrington
v. Stevens, which held that a similar reduction clause provided for
a reduction in the amount of "payments made for those legally
responsible to the plaintiff."
Harrington, 334 N.C. 586, 592, 434
S.E.2d 212, 215 (1993). The issue in
Harrington, however, was
whether a defendant-carrier's UIM coverage could be reduced by the
amount of payments paid by the plaintiff's UIM carrier. The Court
in
Harrington held the defendant-carrier's UIM coverage could only
be reduced by the amount of payments paid by the tortfeasor, not
the plaintiff's UIM carrier.
Id. This is not the issue in the
present case and so we do not find
Harrington determinative on this
point. We find the language in Erie's policy, that "coverage shall
be reduced
by all sums paid because of the bodily injury or
property damage
by or on behalf of the persons or organizations who
may be legally responsible," allows for a per-accident comparison
and a reduction from the total sum paid to all claimants by State
Farm. (emphasis added).
Our Court's decision in
Nationwide Mut. Ins. Co. v. Haight,
152 N.C. App. 137, 566 S.E.2d 835 (2002),
disc. review denied, 356N.C. 675, 577 S.E.2d 627 (2003), supports this conclusion. In
Haight, our Court reiterated the
Gurley holding that "when [a]
liability policy is exhausted pursuant to the per-accident limit,
then the proper calculation of UIM coverage available is obtained
by subtracting the per-accident limit of the tortfeasor's liability
policy from the per-accident limit of the UIM policy."
Id. at 142,
566 S.E.2d at 838 (citing
Gurley, 139 N.C. App. at 182, 532 S.E.2d
at 849). The decision further held that, in a case such as
Gurley,
where liability was exhausted pursuant to a per-accident limit,
only one calculation need be performed for all claimants combined.
Id.
Accordingly, we hold that the trial court did not err in using
the per-accident limit of $300,000 as the applicable UIM limit, and
was correct in reducing Erie's $300,000 per-accident UIM limit by
the total sum of $300,000 paid to all claimants by State Farm. As
the trial court's calculation resulted in a complete offset of
Erie's liability, the trial court did not err in granting summary
judgment for Erie and dismissing Erie as a party from the action.
Affirmed.
Judges WYNN and GEER concur.
Report per Rule 30(e).
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