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1. Appeal and Error_Supreme Court jurisdiction_review of Court of Appeals
MAR decision
The Supreme Court had jurisdiction to review the decision of the Court of Appeals
regarding defendant's motion for appropriate relief (MAR), because: (1) while N.C.G.S. §§ 7A-
28(a) and 7A-31 ordinarily preclude the Supreme Court's review of Court of Appeals decisions
on MARs in noncapital cases, a statute cannot restrict the Supreme Court's constitutional
authority under Article IV, Section 12, Clause 1 of the North Carolina Constitution to exercise
jurisdiction to review upon appeal any decision of the courts below; (2) the Supreme Court will
not hesitate to exercise its rarely used general supervisory authority when necessary to promote
the expeditious administration of justice, and may do so to consider questions which are not
properly presented according to its rule; and (3) the exercise of its supervisory authority is
particularly appropriate when, as here, prompt and definitive resolution of an issue is necessary to
ensure the uniform administration of North Carolina's criminal statutes.
2. Sentencing-_concurrent versus consecutive--erroneous plea agreement--
attempted armed robbery_armed robbery
The Court of Appeals erred by failing to vacate the superior court's 10 July 2003
order allowing defendant's eighteen-year sentence for attempted robbery with a dangerous
weapon and fourteen-year sentence for robbery with a dangerous weapon to run concurrently,
and by failing to remand the case for the proceedings described in State v. Wall, 348 N.C. 671
(1998), because: (1) at the time defendant entered his guilty plea on the charge of armed robbery,
N.C.G.S. § 14-87(d) required that a term of imprisonment for armed robbery run consecutively
with and commence at the expiration of any other sentence being served by the offender; (2) the
imposition of a concurrent sentence for this offense was contrary to law since it provided for
specific performance of the illegal 1992 plea arrangement; (3) ever since defendant's initial filing
of his pro se MAR, he has continuously admitted that the superior court order imposing such a
sentence was contrary to the governing statute; (4) the Court of Appeals explicitly recognized
that the superior court erred by imposing a concurrent sentence, but neglected to proceed with the
necessary step of vacating the erroneous order; and (5) the State's promise cannot be kept, and
thus according to Wall, defendant can either withdraw his guilty plea and proceed to trial on the
criminal charges, or he may also withdraw his plea and attempt to negotiate another plea
agreement that does not violate former N.C.G.S. § 14-87(d).
Justices TIMMONS-GOODSON and HUDSON did not participate in the
consideration or decision of this case.
On discretionary review pursuant to N.C.G.S. § 7A_31 of
a unanimous decision of the Court of Appeals, 167 N.C. App. 276,
605 S.E.2d 168 (2004), affirming an order entered on 10 July 2003
by Judge William C. Gore in Superior Court, Bladen County. Heard
in the Supreme Court 19 October 2005. Roy Cooper, Attorney General, by Elizabeth F. Parsons,
Assistant Attorney General, for petitioner-appellant
North Carolina Department of Correction.
Carolina Legal Assistance, by Susan H. Pollitt; and
Winifred H. Dillon for respondent-appellee.
MARTIN, Justice.
The questions raised by the instant case were resolved
by this Court in State v. Wall, 348 N.C. 671, 502 S.E.2d 585
(1998). We therefore apply Wall and reverse the Court of
Appeals.
On 21 May 1991, defendant Ernest Ellis pled guilty in
Wilson County Superior Court to one count of attempted robbery
with a dangerous weapon (attempted armed robbery) and received an
active sentence of eighteen years. At the time of the offense,
defendant was on probation for two counts of breaking, entering
and larceny, offenses he committed on 25 July 1988. Defendant's
probation was revoked as a result of the attempted armed robbery,
and a ten-year prison sentence for his 1988 offenses was
activated. The Wilson County judgment revoking defendant's
probation specified that the ten-year activated sentence was to
run concurrently with the eighteen-year sentence for attempted
armed robbery.
Soon after defendant began serving these sentences, he
was charged with one count of robbery with a dangerous weapon
(armed robbery) in Bladen County. Defendant pled guilty to the
armed robbery on 13 January 1992, and the Bladen County Superior
Court sentenced him to an active sentence of fourteen years. In
exchange for defendant's guilty plea, the state agreed to dismissall other pending charges and recommend that defendant's
fourteen-year sentence run concurrently with the eighteen-year
sentence he was already serving.
The Bladen County Superior Court sentenced defendant,
but neither the court's pronouncement of judgment at the plea
hearing nor the judgment and commitment entered 15 January 1992
specified whether the fourteen-year sentence was to run
concurrently or consecutively. At the time defendant entered his
plea, the General Statutes required that any term of imprisonment
for armed robbery run consecutively with and . . . commence at
the expiration of any other sentence being served by the
offender. N.C.G.S. § 14_87(d) (1993) (repealed effective 1
January 1995). Consequently, the North Carolina Department of
Correction (DOC) received the Bladen County judgment and
commitment and recorded the sentence pursuant to statute as
consecutive to the eighteen-year active term defendant was
currently serving for attempted armed robbery.
At some point defendant discovered that the consecutive
sentence required by statute was not the agreed-upon sentence for
which he had exchanged a guilty plea, and he filed a pro se
motion for appropriate relief (MAR) on 13 March 1997. Defendant
contended that regardless of N.C.G.S. § 14_87(d), his sentences
should run concurrently because that was his understanding when
he pled guilty to armed robbery in Bladen County. The Bladen
County Superior Court accepted defendant's argument and concluded
in an order entered on 15 April 1997 that defendant's sentences
should run concurrently. The following year in State v. Wall, this Court
considered the precise issue raised in defendant's MAR and
confronted by the Bladen County Superior Court. See Wall, 348
N.C. 671, 502 S.E.2d 585. Wall had pled guilty to two counts of
felonious larceny and one count each of second-degree burglary
and felonious breaking or entering, in exchange for an agreement
that the twenty-five-year consolidated sentence imposed for these
crimes would run concurrently with a ten-year sentence he was
already serving. Id. at 673_74, 502 S.E.2d at 586_87. The
Superior Court did not specify whether the twenty-five-year
sentence was to run concurrently or consecutively. Id. at 673,
502 S.E.2d at 587.
At the time, however, the General Statutes required
sentences imposed for burglary to run consecutively with and
. . . commence at the expiration of any sentence being served.
N.C.G.S. § 14_52 (1993) (repealed effective 1 January 1995).
Thus, DOC recorded Wall's sentence as consecutive in accordance
with N.C.G.S. § 14_52. Wall, 348 N.C. at 673, 502 S.E.2d at 587.
When Wall discovered that his DOC record did not reflect the
concurrent sentence for which he had exchanged a guilty plea, he
filed a MAR in Superior Court. Id. at 674, 502 S.E.2d at 587.
The Superior Court allowed Wall's motion and ordered that his
sentence be served concurrently, despite the clear statutory
mandate otherwise. Id. This Court allowed DOC's petition for
writ of certiorari to review the MAR order.
Writing for the Court, then Associate Justice Henry
Frye explained that the order directing that defendant'ssentences be served concurrently rather than consecutively was in
violation of N.C.G.S. § 14_52 and must, therefore, be vacated.
Id. at 676, 502 S.E.2d at 588. As for Wall's reliance on the
guilty plea agreement, he was not entitled to specific
performance [of the plea agreement] . . . because such action
would violate the laws of this state. Id. Rather, Wall was
entitled to withdraw his guilty plea and proceed to trial on the
criminal charges . . . [or] attempt to negotiate another plea
agreement that does not violate [the applicable sentencing
statute]. Id. Accordingly, the Court vacated the Superior
Court's order and remanded for further proceedings to afford Wall
the opportunity to withdraw his guilty plea. Id.
Several years after this Court decided Wall, the
present defendant filed a motion in Bladen County Superior Court
requesting that he be allowed to withdraw his guilty plea.
Citing Wall, defendant argued that he was entitled to this remedy
because the sentence for which he had exchanged his guilty plea
was illegal under former N.C.G.S. § 14_87(d). The Superior Court
held an evidentiary hearing on defendant's motion as required by
N.C.G.S. § 15A_1420(c) and made findings of fact and conclusions
of law which were reduced to writing in an order signed on 15 May
2003 and entered on 10 July 2003. This order provided, in
pertinent part:
3. From the record, the motion, and
affidavits submitted by the defendant, which
are uncontested by the . . . District
Attorney . . . , the Court finds that it was
the intent of all the parties that the
judgment and sentence imposed [for armed
robbery in Bladen County] should run
concurrently with the sentence previouslyimposed and which the defendant was then
serving.
Instead of simply allowing for the remedy described in Wall,
however, the Superior Court granted defendant greater relief than
he requested. The Superior Court concluded that [defendant] is
entitled to the benefit of his plea arrangement and ordered that
defendant's sentence for armed robbery in Bladen County run
concurrently with the judgment imposed . . . in Wilson County . .
. .
From this order, DOC filed a petition for writ of
certiorari in the Court of Appeals on 21 May 2003. The Court of
Appeals ordered full briefing and argument and, on 7 December
2004, affirmed the Superior Court's order. State v. Ellis, 167
N.C. App. 276, 605 S.E.2d 168 (2004). We allowed DOC's petition
for discretionary review.
[1] Before considering the merits of the instant case,
we first address defendant's contention that this Court lacks
jurisdiction to review the decision of the Court of Appeals.
Defendant cites two statutory provisions indicating that
[d]ecisions of the Court of Appeals upon review of motions for
appropriate relief . . . are final and not subject to further
review in the Supreme Court by appeal, motion, certification,
writ, or otherwise. N.C.G.S. § 7A_28(a) (2005); see also id.
§ 15A_1422(f) (2005) (Decisions of the Court of Appeals on
motions for appropriate relief . . . are final and not subject to
further review by appeal, certification, writ, motion, or
otherwise.). Defendant also argues that N.C.G.S. § 7A_31
specifically exempts rulings on MARs such as the one in theinstant case from discretionary review. Id. § 7A_31(a) (2005)
(In any cause in which appeal is taken to the Court of Appeals,
except . . . a motion for appropriate relief [in a noncapital
case] . . . , the Supreme Court may, in its discretion, . . .
certify the cause for review by the Supreme Court, either before
or after it has been determined by the Court of Appeals.).
We recognize that the cited statutory provisions
ordinarily preclude our review of Court of Appeals decisions on
MARs in noncapital cases. Nevertheless, it is beyond question
that a statute cannot restrict this Court's constitutional
authority under Article IV, Section 12, Clause 1 of the
Constitution of North Carolina to exercise jurisdiction to
review upon appeal any decision of the courts below. N.C.
Const. art. IV, § 12; see, e.g., James v. Bartlett, 359 N.C. 260,
264-65, 607 S.E.2d 638, 641 (2005); In re Brownlee, 301 N.C. 532,
548, 272 S.E.2d 861, 870 (1981). As such, [t]his Court will not
hesitate to exercise its rarely used general supervisory
authority when necessary to promote the expeditious
administration of justice, and may do so to consider questions
which are not properly presented according to [its] rules.
State v. Stanley, 288 N.C. 19, 26, 215 S.E.2d 589, 594 (1975).
This exercise of our supervisory authority is particularly
appropriate when, as here, prompt and definitive resolution of an
issue is necessary to ensure the uniform administration of North
Carolina's criminal statutes.
[2] Having determined that jurisdiction exists in this
Court, we now turn to the merits of the instant appeal. DOCargues that the Court of Appeals erred by failing to vacate the
Bladen County Superior Court's 10 July 2003 order allowing
defendant's sentences to run concurrently, and by failing to
remand the case for the proceedings described in State v. Wall.
We agree.
Wall controls the disposition of the instant case. At
the time defendant entered his guilty plea on the charge of armed
robbery, N.C.G.S. § 14_87(d) required that a term of imprisonment
for armed robbery run consecutively with and . . . commence at
the expiration of any other sentence being served by the
offender. Therefore, as in Wall, the imposition of a concurrent
sentence for this offense was contrary to law because it provided
for specific performance of the illegal 1992 plea arrangement.
Indeed, ever since he initially filed his pro se MAR, defendant
has continuously admitted that the Superior Court order imposing
such a sentence was contrary to the governing statute.
The Court of Appeals also explicitly recognized that
the Bladen County Superior Court erred in imposing a concurrent
sentence. Ellis, 167 N.C. App. at 281, 605 S.E.2d at 172
([B]ecause defendant was statutorily required to serve a
consecutive sentence for armed robbery, the trial court's order
directing that [defendant] serve a concurrent sentence on the
Bladen County judgment was erroneous.). The Court of Appeals
neglected, however, to proceed with the necessary step of
vacating the erroneous order entered on 10 July 2003 by the
Bladen County Superior Court. Wall, 348 N.C. at 676, 502 S.E.2d
at 588 (The court's order directing that defendant's sentencesbe served concurrently rather than consecutively was in violation
of [statute] and must, therefore, be vacated. (emphasis added)).
Similarly, the Court of Appeals erred in failing to
remand defendant's case to Superior Court for the proceedings
described in State v. Wall. Here, as in Wall, defendant and the
district attorney executed a plea agreement with the expectation
and understanding that defendant's sentence for armed robbery
would run concurrently with the active sentence he was already
serving. Since the state's promise cannot be kept, however, Wall
ensures that defendant is entitled to his choice of two remedies:
(1) [h]e may withdraw his guilty plea and proceed to trial on
the criminal charges; or (2) [h]e may also withdraw his plea
and attempt to negotiate another plea agreement that does not
violate former N.C.G.S. § 14_87(d)
.
Wall, 348 N.C. at 676, 502
S.E.2d at 588. The Court of Appeals should have remanded
defendant's case to Superior Court where he could withdraw his
guilty plea and avail himself of the remedies described in Wall.
Accordingly, we reverse the decision of the Court of
Appeals. We remand this case to the Court of Appeals for remand
to the Superior Court with instructions to vacate the 10 July
2003 order of the Bladen County Superior Court and for further
proceedings consistent with this opinion.
REVERSED and REMANDED.
Justices TIMMONS-GOODSON and HUDSON did not participate
in the consideration or decision of this case.
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